Over the last 20 years, modern biotechnology has made enormousadvances. In recent years,researchers have developed new techniques thatenable a faster, more specific and more efficient breeding process than viaconventional breeding or genetic modification. Often referred to as “NewGenomic Techniques” (“NGTs”), these new techniques have been definedas “techniques that are capable of altering the genetic material of anorganism and that have emerged or have been mainly developed since2001” (Joint Research Centre). Examples of these techniques include Site-directed Nuclease Technology (SDN),Oligonucleotide-directed Mutagenesis(ODM), RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDm), cisgenesis, intragenesis,grafting on GM rootstock and reverse breeding.
